A B C D E F G H I J L K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Greek
| A | Ampere (SI unit for electric current); |
| A&E | accident and emergency (unit, hospital) |
| Å | Angstrom, unit for length, 1Å= 10-10m |
| AA | acrylic acid; ascorbic acid |
| AAO | anodic aluminium oxide |
| AAm | acryl amide |
| AAV | associated acceptance value |
| Ab | antibody |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| ABR | antibiotic resistance |
| ABS | acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (polymer) |
| ABTS | di-ammonium 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) |
| AC | alternating current |
| ACEO | AC EO |
| AChR | acetylcholine receptor |
| ACS | acute coronary syndrome |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| ADE | acoustic droplet ejection |
| ADFET | adsorption-based FET |
| ADH | alcohol dehydrogenase |
| ADM | anesthetic depth monitoring |
| ADMET | absorption, distribution, |
| metabolism, excretion, toxicity (pharmacol.) | |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate (cef. ATP) |
| ADR | adverse drug reaction |
| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| Ag | silver (chemical symbol) |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AIBN | azobisisobutyronitrile |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| AIV | avian influenza virus |
| Al | aluminum (chemical symbol) |
| ALCAM | activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule |
| ALB | albumin |
| ALE | atomic layer epitaxy (other name for ALD) |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| ALT | alanine transaminase |
| AM | additive manufacturing |
| AMANDA | German for Abformung (molding) – |
| Oberflächenmikromechanik (surface micromachining) – | |
| Membranübertragung (diaphragm based transfer) | |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
| AMD | age-related macular degeneration |
| AMR | antimicrobial drug resistance; adaptive mesh refinement |
| An | analyte |
| AO | acridine orange |
| AOI | automated optical inspection |
| AOX | alcohol oxidase |
| AP | alkaline phosphatase |
| APC | antibody producing cell |
| APD | avalanche photodiode |
| API | active pharmaceutical ingredient |
| APTES | 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane |
| AR | aspect ratio |
| ARC | anisotropic ratchet conveyor |
| ARI | acute respiratory infection |
| ARROW | antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide |
| ART | anti-retroviral therapy |
| ARV | anti-retroviral (therapy) |
| AS | allele specific (PCR) |
| ASP | average selling price |
| ASSURED | affordable, sensitive, specific, |
| user-friendly, rapid and robust, | |
| equipment-free, and deliverable to end-users [?] | |
| AST | antimicrobial / antibiotic susceptibility testing; aspartate transaminase |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate (cef. ADP) |
| ATPS | aqueous two-phase system (bacteria separation technique) |
| ATR | attenuated total reflection (IR spectroscopy) |
| Au | gold (chemical symbol) |
| AuNP | gold nanoparticle |
| AUC | area under curve |
| ASVD | arteriosclerotic vascular disease |
| BAC | bacterial artificial chromosome |
| BAW | bulk acoustic wave (transducer) |
| BAEC | bovine aortic endothelial cell |
| BBB | blood brain barrier |
| BCP | bromocresol purple |
| BE | barrel etching |
| BEAMing | beads, emulsions, amplification & magnetics |
| BGE | background electrolyte |
| BIA | biomolecular interaction analysis |
| BIL | bilirubin |
| BLM | bilayer lipid membrane |
| BMA | butyl methacrylate |
| BMDC | bone marrow derived cell |
| BMI | brain-machine interface |
| BMP | basic metabolic panel (8 parameter blood test): |
| sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium | |
| BNP | brain / β- / B-type natriuretic peptide (marker of chronic heart failure) |
| BPA | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| BRF | biased reptation model with fluctuations |
| BRL | biological recognition layer |
| BRM | biased reptation model |
| BSA | bovum serum albumin |
| BSaC | bubble spring and channel |
| BSE | bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
| BSI | blood stream infection |
| BTB | bovine TB |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| C | centigrade, Celsius (temperature unit); Coulomb (SI unit) |
| carbon (chemical symbol); cytidine (ribonucleoside residues) | |
| CA | cornu ammonis (brain) |
| CAD | computer aided design |
| CAE | capillary array electrophoresis |
| CAGR | compound annual growth rate |
| CAM | computer aided manufacturing; cell adhesion matrix |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CBF | cerebral blood flow |
| CCA | cholangiocarcinoma |
| CCBR | continuous centrifugal bioreactor |
| CCC | countercurrent chromatography |
| CCD | charge-coupled device |
| CCE | centrifugal counterflow elutriation |
| CCP | cell penetrating peptide |
| CCS | cell culture supernatant |
| CD | compact disc (optical data storage); cluster of differentiation (immunology); |
| coeliac disease (aka gluten intolerance) | |
| CDC | charge delivery capacity |
| CDG | congenital disorders of glycosylation |
| CDx | companion diagnostics (Dx) |
| CD-R | CD recordable |
| CE | capillary electrophoresis; CE mark / marking |
| (Communauté Européenne or Conformité Européenne) | |
| CEA | carcinoma-embryonic antigen |
| CEC | capillary (or chip) electro-chromatography; |
| circulating endothelial cell; contaminants of emerging concerns | |
| CEW | continuous electrowetting |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
| CFU | colony forming unit |
| CGE | capillary gel electrophoresis |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitoring |
| CGT | gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase |
| CHEMFET | chemically modified field effect transistor |
| CHF | chronic heart failure |
| ChIP | chromatin immunoprecipitation (sequencing) |
| CHO | Chinese hamster ovarian (cell) |
| CI | concentration index; cochlear implant |
| CIM | convective interaction material; ceramic injection molding |
| CK | creatine kinase; cytokeratin |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CL | chemiluminescence |
| CLD | cell line development |
| CLIA | clinical laboratory improvement amendments (of 1988) |
| (quality laboratory testing) | |
| CMC | critical micelle concentration |
| CMOS | complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
| CMP | comprehensive metabolic panel (14 parameter blood test); |
| chemical mechanical planarization | |
| BMP plus total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin | |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
| CMUT | capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer |
| CNAP | compound nerve action potential |
| CNC | computer numerical control |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CNT | carbon nanotube |
| CNV | copy number variation |
| COC | cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS) |
| COD | chemical oxide demand (water quality) |
| COMP | cartilage oligomeric matrix protein |
| COP | cyclo olefin polymer (Zeonor) |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder |
| CombiChem | combinatorial chemistry |
| COTS | commercial off-the-shelf (components) |
| CPA | cryoprotective agent |
| CPC | centrifugal partition chromatography |
| CPE | cytopathic effect |
| CPW | coplanar waveguide |
| CRBN | chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear |
| (context: weapons of mass destruction) | |
| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| CRM | certified reference material |
| CRO | contract research organisation |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CSA | clinical support algorithm |
| CSC | charge storage capacity; cancer stem cell |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CT | computer tomography |
| CTAB | cetyl trimethylammonium bromide |
| CTC | circulating tumour cell |
| CTE | coefficient of thermal expansion |
| CTM | circulating tumour microembolus |
| CTR | carbon dioxide transfer rate |
| CV | coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation); cyclic voltammetry |
| CVD | chemical vapor deposition; cardiovascular disease |
| Cy3 | cyanine 3 [?], fluorochrome: peak excitation / |
| emission wavelength [nm]: (512);550 / 570;(615) | |
| Cy5 | cyanine 5 [?], fluorochrome: peak excitation / |
| emission wavelength [nm]: (625);650 / 670 | |
| CZE | capillary zone electrophoresis |
| Da | Dalton (atomic mass unit, named after John Dalton) |
| DALY | disability adjusted life year |
| DAPI | 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (nuclear cell stain) |
| DAT | direct agglutination test; drugs-of-abuse testing |
| DBR | distributed Bragg reflector |
| DBS | dried blood spot |
| DC | direct current; dendritic cell |
| DCM | dichloromethane |
| DCR | dark count rate (optical detection) |
| DDoS | distributed denial of service (attack) |
| DDW | distilled deionized water |
| DDS | drug delivery system |
| DE | differential extraction |
| DEP | dielectrophoresis |
| DFB | distributed feedback (laser) |
| DFM | design for manufacture |
| DFR | dry-film resist |
| DFS | disease-free survival |
| DG | dentate gyrus (brain) |
| DHA | dehydroascorbic acid AA |
| DHE | dynamic hydrogen electrode |
| DI | de-ionized (water) |
| DIC | differential interference contrast (microscopy) |
| DLD | deterministic lateral displacement |
| DLP | digital light processor |
| DO | dissolved oxygen |
| DOA | drug of abuse |
| DoD | drop on demand (inkjet) |
| DLW | direct laser writing |
| DMCS | dimethylchlorosilane |
| DMD | digital (micro-)mirror device |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium |
| DMF | dimethylformamide (organic solvent); digital microfluidics |
| DMFC | direct methanol fuel cell |
| DMSO | dimethylsulfoxide |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DOC | digital optical chemistry |
| DPN | dip-pen nanolithography |
| DRE | digital rectal examination |
| DRG | diagnosis related group |
| DR | diabetic retinopathy |
| DRIE | deep reactive ion etching |
| DSP | digital signal processor; downstream processing (pharma) |
| DTC | disseminated tumour cell |
| DVD | digital versatile disc |
| DVT | deep venous thrombosis |
| Dx | diagnostics (industry) |
| DXRL | deep XRL |
| EAP | electroactive polymer |
| EB | ethidium bromide; embryoid / embryonic body |
| EBL | electron beam lithography |
| EBV | Epstein Bar virus |
| EC | endothelial cell |
| ECD | electrochemical detection; extracellular domain |
| ECF | extracellular fluid |
| ECG | electrocardiography |
| ECL | electro-chemiluminescence |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| ECoG | electrocorticography |
| ECP | electrocapillary pumping |
| EDC | 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide |
| EDL | electric double layer |
| EDM | electro-discharge machining |
| EDMA | ethylene glycol dimethacrylate |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EDX | energy dispersion X-ray (spectroscopy) |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| EF | evanescent field |
| EGDM | ethylene glycol dimethacrylate |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| EGFR | EGF receptor (tumor marker) |
| EGTA | ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid |
| EHD | electrohydrodynamic |
| EHEC | Shigatoxigenic & verotoxigenic Escherichia coli |
| EIA | enzyme immunoassay |
| EICE | electrowetting on insulator-coated electrodes (cef. EWOD) |
| EIS | electrical / electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| EIT | electrical impedance tomography |
| EL | electroluminescence |
| ELIA | enzyme-linked immunoassay |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EM | electromagnetic |
| EMA | ethidium monoazide; European Medicines Agency |
| EMF | electromotive force |
| EMG | electromyography |
| EMI | electromagnetic interference |
| EMIM | 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium |
| EMLC | electrochemically modulated LC |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| EOF | electroosmotic flow |
| EPC | endothelial progenitor cell |
| EpCAM | epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
| EPDM | ethylene propylene diene elastomer |
| EPS | extracellular polymeric substances |
| EQA | external quality assessment |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum (cellular organelle) |
| ERDA | elastic recoil detection analysis |
| ERP | enterprise resource planning |
| ES | embryonic stem (cell) |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| ESC | embryonic stem cell |
| ESCA | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (cef. XPS) |
| ESI | electrospray ionization |
| ESI-MS | ESI mass spectrometry |
| ESMS | electrospraying into a mass spectrometer |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| EST | expression sequence tag |
| ETL | electron transporting layer |
| ETL | extreme UV |
| EV | extracellular vesicle |
| EVD | external ventricular drain (catheter) |
| EVOH | ethylene vinyl alcohol |
| EW | electrowetting; evanescent wave |
| EWOD | electrowetting on dielectric |
| EXAFS | extended X-ray absorption fine structure |
| Fab | fragment antigen binding (antibody) |
| FA | formaldehyde |
| FABP | fatty-acid binding protein |
| FACS | fluorescence activated cell sorting |
| FASA | Fresnel annular sector actuator |
| FASS | field-amplified sample stacking |
| Fb | fragment crystallizable (antibody) |
| FBC | full blood count |
| FBE | full blood exam |
| FCC | face centered cubic (crystal); fluid catalytic cracking |
| FCM | flow cytometry |
| FCS | fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; fetal calf (bovine) serum |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration (US government agency) |
| FDH | fructose dehydrogenase |
| FDI | foreign direct investment |
| FDM | finite difference method; fused deposition moulding |
| FEA | finite element analysis |
| FEM | finite element method |
| FEP | fluorinated ethylene propylene |
| FES | functional electrical stimulation |
| FET | field effect transistor |
| FF | ferrofluid; flow fractionation |
| FFF | free-flow fractionation |
| FFD | flow-focusing device |
| FFE | free-flow electrophoresis |
| FFMR | falling film microreactor |
| FIA | flow injection analysis; fluorescent immunoassay |
| FIB | focused ion beam; fecal indicator bacteria |
| FIC | fractional inhibitory concentration |
| FID | flame ionization detector |
| FISH | fluorescent in-situ hybridization |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate (fluorescent label) |
| FL | fluorescence |
| FLAME | flow analysis with automated multivariate estimation |
| FLIM | fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy |
| FLOPS | floating point operations per second |
| FMEA | failure mode and effects analysis |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| FOM | figure of merit |
| FOV | field of view (optics) |
| FN | fibronectin |
| FPGA | field-programmable gate array (electronics) |
| FPW | flexural plate wave |
| FRET | Förster (also fluorescence) resonant energy transfer |
| FS | fused silica |
| FSC | forward scattering |
| FWHM | full width at half maximum |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| FTV | flow tagging velocimetry |
| G | guanosine (ribonucleoside residues) |
| GaAs | gallium arsenide |
| GBS | genotyping by sequencing |
| GC | gas chromatography; ganglion cell |
| GCI | game-changing initiative |
| GCP | good clinical practice |
| GDPR | general data protection regulation |
| GE | gel electrophoresis |
| Ge | Germanium (chemical element) |
| GelMA | gelatin methacrylate |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| GGT | gamma glutamyl transferase |
| GLP | good laboratory practice |
| GMA | glycidyl methacrylate |
| GMMO | genetically modified micro-organism |
| GMO | genetically modified organism |
| GMP | good manufacturing practice |
| GMR | giant magnetoresistance |
| GMS | genomic mismatch scanning |
| GOD | glucose oxidase (cef. GOx) |
| GOx | glucose oxidase (cef. GOD) |
| GP | general practitioner |
| GPRC | G-protein coupled receptor |
| GRP | good research practice |
| GST | glutathione-s-transferase |
| GUV | giant unilamellar vesicle |
| HAI | hospital-acquired infection |
| HAR | high aspect ratio |
| HARM | high aspect ratio microstructure |
| HBV | hepatitis type B virus |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HbA1c | hemoglobin A1c (glycated Hb) |
| HCAI | health-care acquired infection |
| HCP | host cell protein; healthcare professional |
| HCS | high content screening |
| Hct | hematocrit (blood) |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HDA | helicase-dependent amplification |
| HDC | hydrodynamic chromatography |
| HDF | hydrodynamic flow |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HDPE | high-density polyethylene |
| HDT | heat distortion temperature (polymers) |
| HE | hot embossing |
| HEC | hydroxyethyl cellulose |
| HeLa | cell line derived from cervical cancer cells |
| taken from Mrs. Henrietta Lacks | |
| HEMA | 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate |
| HEPA | high efficiency particulate air (filter) |
| HER | human epidermal (growth factor) receptor |
| hESC | human embryonic stem cell (ESC) |
| HETP | height equivalent of a theoretical plate |
| HIE | hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy |
| HIF | hypoxia inducible factor |
| HF | hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid; heart failure |
| HFB | hollow fiber bioreactor |
| HFIP | hexafluoropropanol |
| HGH | human growth hormone |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| HMCV | hydrophobic microcapillary vent |
| HMD | hexamethylenediamine |
| HMDS | hexamethyldisilizane |
| HOMPP | 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone |
| HPC | hematopoietic progenitor cell |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| HRP | horseradish peroxidase |
| HSA | human serum albumin |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus (type 1 and 2) |
| HTA | health technology assessment |
| HTF | human tubal fluid |
| HTL | hole transporting layer |
| HTS | high-throughput screening |
| HUGO | human genome project |
| HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
| HV | high voltage |
| IA | immunoassay |
| IBE | ion beam etching |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| IC | integrated circuit (electronics) |
| IC50 | half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration |
| ICAM | intercellular adhesion molecule |
| IC | integrated circuit (electronics) |
| ICC | immuno-cytochemistry |
| ICP | inductively coupled plasma; ion concentration polarization |
| ICS | immuno-chromatographic (test) strip |
| ICT | information and communication technologies |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| ICEO | induced-charge electroosmosis |
| ID | inner / internal diameter; infectious disease |
| IDA | interdigitated (microelectrode) array (IDEA) |
| IDEA | interdigitated (microelectrode) array (IDA) |
| IDL | instrument detection limit |
| IDoP | infectious diseases of poverty |
| IDT | interdigital transducer |
| IE | plasma (ion) etching |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers |
| IEF | isoelectric focusing |
| IEP | isoelectric point |
| IEq | islet equivalent |
| IF | immuno-fluorescence |
| IFA | immuno-fluorescence assay |
| IFE | interfollicular epidermis |
| IFN | interferon |
| IgG | class of immunoglobulin proteins |
| IGF | insulin-like growth factor |
| IJ | inkjet |
| IL | interleukin (cytokine); ionic liquid |
| IM | injection molding |
| INF | interferon |
| INR | international normalized ratio (coagulation time testing) |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| IP | intellectual property |
| IP | intellectual property rights |
| IPF | immature platelet fraction |
| IR | infrared (radiation) |
| ISI | international sensitivity index |
| ISF | interstitial fluid |
| ISFET | ion sensitive FET |
| ISO | international organization for standardization |
| ITO | indium-tin oxide |
| ITP | isotachophoresis |
| IU | international units |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| IV | intra-venous; influenza virus; in vitro |
| IVD | in-vitro diagnostics |
| IVF | in-vitro fertilization |
| IVTT | in-vitro transcription / translation |
| J | Joule (unit of energy) |
| K | Kelvin (SI unit of absolute temperature) |
| KCl | potassium chloride |
| KET | ketamine; key enabling technology |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| KOL | key opinion leader |
| KPI | key performance inficator |
| KRAS | V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, also GTPase KRas |
| LAD | lung-assist device |
| LAMP | loop-mediated isothermal amplification |
| LBL | layer-by-layer (self-assembly) |
| LBM | lattice Boltzmann method |
| LBR | laser beam recorder (optical disc manufacturing) |
| LC | liquid chromatography |
| LCM | laser capture microdissection |
| LCP | liquid crystal polymer; large character printing |
| LCST | lower critical solution temperature (thermoresponsive hydrogel) |
| LD | laser diode |
| LDI | laser desorption ionization |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LDPE | low-density polyethylene |
| LDV | laser–Doppler velocimetry |
| LED | light-emitting diode |
| LEM | lumped-element model (simulation) |
| LEP | light-emitting polymer |
| LF | lateral flow |
| LFA | lateral flow (LF) assay |
| LFD | lateral flow (LF) device |
| LFIA | lateral flow (LF) immunoassay (IA |
| LFT | lateral flow (LF) test |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| LIF | laser-induced fluorescence |
| LIGA | German acronym for Lithographie (lithography) – |
| Galvanoformung (electroplating) – Abformung (molding) | |
| LISA | lithographically-induced self-assembly |
| LLE | liquid/liquid extraction |
| LMIC | low- and middle-income country |
| LMW | low molecular weight |
| LoaC | lab-on-a-chip (synonymous for LoC) |
| LoC | lab-on-chip (synonymous for LoaC) |
| LOD | lactate oxidase |
| LoD | limit of detection |
| LOH | loss of heterozygosity |
| LoQ | limit of quantitation |
| LPCVD | low pressure CVD |
| LPD | liquid phase deposition |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| LRTI | lower respiratory tract infection |
| LSI | large-scale integration |
| LSCM | laser scanning confocal microscope |
| LSPR | localized SPR |
| LYS | life year saved |
| MA | methacrylate |
| MAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MACS | magnetically activated cell sorting |
| MALDI | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization |
| MALDI-MS | MALDI MS |
| MALDI-TOF | MALDI TOF spectrometer |
| MALS | multi-angle light scattering |
| MAP | magnetophoresis |
| MAPSS | multi-angle, polarized scatter separation |
| MBC | micro bubble column |
| MBD | methyl binding domain |
| MBE | molecular beam epitaxy |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin (blood), Hb / RBC; 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (SAM) |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (blood), Hb / Hct |
| MCHX | microchannel heat exchanger |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume (blood), Hct / RBC |
| MD | molecular diagnostics |
| MDA | multiple displacement amplification |
| MDL | method detection limit |
| MDR | multi-drug resistance (microorganism) |
| MDx | molecular diagnostics (Dx) |
| MEA | membrane electrode assembly (fuel cells); multi-electrode array |
| MECC | micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography |
| MECN | acetonitrile (organic solvent) |
| MEF | mouse embryonic fibroblast |
| MEKC | micellar electrokinetic chromatography |
| MEMS | microelectromechanical system |
| MET | mesenchymal epithelial transition |
| MFC | mass flow controller; microbial fuel cell |
| MFFF | magnetic field flow fractionation |
| MHD | magneto-hydrodynamic |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration |
| MID | moulded interconnect(ed) device |
| MIMIC | micro molding in capillaries |
| MIQE | minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments |
| MK | megakaryocyte |
| MKSA | meter–kilogram–second–Ampere (cef. SI and cgs) |
| MKT | molecular kinetic theory |
| MMC | Mitomycin C (drug) |
| MMG | mechanomyogram |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| MNC | mononuclear (blood) cells; multinational corporation |
| MNP | magnetic nanoparticle |
| MOEMS | micro optical electromechanical system |
| MOF | metal organic framework |
| MOQ | minimum order quantity |
| MOSFET | metal-oxide-semiconductor FET |
| MPC | multi project chip |
| MPF | multi phase flow |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| MPP | minimum performance parameter |
| MPPS | most penetrating particle size (air filtration) |
| MPSS | massively parallel signature sequencing |
| MPW | multi project wafer |
| MRD | minimal residual disease |
| MRF | magneto-rheological fluid |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRE | micro reaction engineering; molecular recognition element |
| MRL | maximum residue limit |
| MRM | multiple reaction monitoring |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MRT | micro reaction technology |
| MS | mass spectroscopy |
| MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
| MST | microsystem technology |
| MTB | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| MTP | microtiter plate, well plate |
| MTV | molecular tagging velocimetry |
| MoAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MSSA | Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus |
| MWCNT | multi-walled CNT |
| MUX | multiplexer |
| MVB | multivesicular body |
| MVP | minimum viable product |
| MZI | Mach–Zehnder interferometer |
| N | Newton (SI unit for force) |
| NA | numerical aperture; nucleic acid |
| NAAT | nucleic acid amplification testing |
| NaCl | sodium chloride |
| NAFLC | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASBA | nucleic acid sequence-based amplification |
| NAT | nucleic acid test(ing) |
| NBS | newborn screening |
| NC | normally closed (valve) |
| NCD | non-communicable diseases |
| NEAR | nicking enzyme amplification reaction |
| NEMS | nano-electromechanical system (cef. MEMS) |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular trap |
| NEXAFS | near edge X-ray absorption fine structure |
| NG | normal gravity (fermentation) |
| NGO | non-government organization |
| NGS | next-generation sequencing |
| NHE | normal hydrogen electrode (electrochemistry) |
| NHS | N-hydroxysuccinimide |
| Ni | nickel (chemical symbol) |
| NIL | nanoimprint lithography |
| NIPAAm | N-isopropylacrylamide |
| NIPS | nonsolvent induced phase separation |
| NIR | near infrared |
| NIRS | near infrared spectrum |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NK | natural killer (cells) |
| NMC | nanomechanical cantilever |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance (spectroscopy) |
| NO | nitric oxide; normally open (valve) |
| NP | nanoparticle |
| NPD | new product development |
| NR | nanoribbon |
| NRBC | nucleated RBC |
| NRE | non-recurring engineering |
| NS | Navier-Stokes (equation) |
| NSE | neuron-specific enolase |
| NSOM | near-field scanning optical microscopy |
| NSC | neutral stem cell; non-small cell |
| NSCLC | non-small-cell lung cancer |
| NSL | nanosphere lithography |
| NTC | no-template control; negative temperature coefficient |
| NVP | N-vinyl pyrrolidone |
| NVV | nervous necrosis virus |
| NW | nanowire |
| NWF | network-forming (ion) in glass |
| NWM | network-modifying (ion) in glass |
| OA | osteoathritis |
| OCEC | open-channel electro-chromatography |
| OCP | open-circuit potential |
| OD | optical density |
| ODEP | optically-induced DEP |
| OEG | oligoethylene-glycol |
| OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
| OET | opto-electrical tweezer(s) |
| OFM | opto-fluidic microscopy |
| OLED | organic LED |
| OOC | out-of-control (e.g. pharmaceutical process); organ-on-a-chip |
| OPC | oropharyngeal cancer |
| ORMOCER | organically modified ceramic |
| ORMOSIL | organically modified silicate |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| OS | overall survival (cancer research) |
| OSL | organic semiconductor laser |
| OSTE | off-stoichiometry thiol-enes |
| OT | optical tweezer(s) |
| OTC | over-the-counter (drugs) |
| OTFT | organic thin-film transistor |
| OTCF | oscillatory thermocapillary flow |
| OTR | oxygen transfer rate |
| OTS | octadecyltrichlorosilane |
| OUR | oxygen uptake rate |
| PA | polyamide |
| Pa | Pascal (SI unit for pressure) |
| PAA | poylacrylic acid |
| PAAm | poylacrylamide |
| PAGE | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PAH | poly(allylamine hydrochloride) |
| PANI | poly(aniline) |
| PAT | process analytical technique / technology |
| PB | powder blasting |
| PBR | packed bed bioreactor |
| PBMC | peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PBT | polybutyleneterephthalate |
| PC | polycarbonate; photonic crystal |
| PCA | phenyl chloroacetate; pricipal component analysis |
| PCa | prostate cancer |
| PCB | printed circuit board (electronics) |
| PCD | programmed cell death, e.g. apoptosis |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction (for DNA amplification) |
| PCT | procalcitonin (sepsis marker) |
| Pct | plateletcrit (blood) |
| PCL | polycaprolactone |
| PCV | packed cell volume (blood) |
| PD | photodiode |
| PDDA | poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) |
| pressure driven flow | |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| PDMS | polydimethylsiloxane |
| PDW | platelet distribution width (blood) |
| PE | polyethylene; plasma etching |
| PEB | post-exposure bake (lithography) |
| PECAM | platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule |
| PEVD | plasma-enhanced CVD |
| PEDOT | Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) |
| PEEK | polyetheretherketone |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| PEGDA | poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate |
| PEI | poly(ethyleneimine); polyetherimide |
| PEM | polymer electrolyte membrane (also: proton exchange membrane); |
| polyelectrolyte multilayer | |
| PEO | polyethylene oxide |
| PET | polyethylene terephthalate; posittron emission tumography |
| PEtOx | poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) |
| PEVA | poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) |
| PF | phenol formaldehyde |
| PFA | perfluoralkoxy copolymer |
| PFF | pinched flow fractionation |
| PFGE | pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis |
| PFPE | perfluoropolyether |
| PFS | progression free survival (cancer) |
| PGM | personal glucose meter |
| PhC | photonic crystal |
| PI | polyimide; propidium iodide (dead cell stain) |
| PIC | peripheral interface controller (Harvard architecture microcontroller) |
| PID | proportional-integral-derivative (controller); pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PIM | powder injection molding |
| PIV | particle image velocimetry |
| PK | pharmacokinetic |
| PLC | programmable logic control(ler) |
| PLD | puled laser deposition |
| PLGA | polylactic glycolic acid |
| Plt | total platelet count (blood) |
| PMA | propidium monoazide |
| PMAA | poly(methacrylic acid) |
| PMA | pre-market approval (FDA) |
| PMMA | poly(methyl methacrylate) |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear (WBC) |
| PMT | photo-multiplying tube, photomultiplier |
| PMTA | poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) |
| PNA | peptide nucleic acid |
| PNIPAM | poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) |
| PQ | process qualification |
| PoAb | polyclonal antibody |
| POC | point-of-care; proof of concept |
| POCT | point-of-care testing |
| POD | peroxidase |
| POEA | polyethoxylated tallow amine |
| POM | polyoxymethylene |
| PP | polypropylene |
| PPCVD | pulsed-plasma CVD |
| PPE | polyphenylene ether; personal protective equipment |
| PPM | porous polymer monolith |
| PPO | polypropylene oxide |
| PPS | polyphenylene sulfide |
| PPV | poly(para-phenylene vinylene) |
| PPy | polypyrrole |
| PR | photo-resist (lithography) |
| PRD | poverty-related disease |
| PRP | platelet-rich plasma |
| PS | polystyrene; porous silicon |
| PSD | product specifications document |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen (cancer marker); pressure-sensitive adhesive |
| PSG | phosphosilicate glass |
| PSQ | polysilsesquioxane |
| PSU | polysulfone |
| PT | prothrombin time (blood coagulation test) |
| PTFE | polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) |
| PU | polyurethane |
| PUA | polyurethane acrylate |
| PUF | physical unclonable function |
| PV | photovoltaic |
| PVA | polyvinyl alcohol |
| PVC | polyvinyl chloride |
| PVD | physical vapor deposition |
| PVDC | polyvinylidene chloride |
| PVDF | polyvinylidene fluoride |
| PVP | polyvinyl pyrrolidone |
| PWM | pulse width modulation |
| PZR | piezoresistive |
| PZT | lead zirconate titanate, piezoelectric transducer |
| QA | quality assurance |
| QALY | quality adjusted life years |
| QdB | quality by design |
| QC | quality control |
| QCM | quartz-crystal microbalance |
| R&D | research and development |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RBS | Rutherford back scattering (spectroscopy) |
| RCA | rolling circle amplification |
| RDT | rapid diagnostic test |
| RDM | redistributed manufacturing |
| RDW | RBC distribution width |
| RE | reference electrode (electrochemistry) |
| RF | radio-frequency |
| RFLP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| RFP | red fluorescence protein; request for proposal |
| RFS | recurrence free survival (cancer) |
| RFU | relative fluorescence units |
| RH | relative humidity |
| RHE | reversible hydrogen electrode |
| RI | refractive index |
| RIA | radio-immunoassay |
| RIBE | reactive ion beam etching |
| RIE | reactive ion etching |
| RIM | reaction injection moulding |
| RIN | RNA integrity number |
| RIU | refractive index (RI) unit |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| ROI | region of interest; return on investment |
| RPA | recombinase polymerase amplification |
| RPC | reverse phase chromatography |
| RPL | recombinant prokaryotic lectin |
| RPM | revolutions or rotations per minute |
| RPO | research performing organisation |
| RQ | respiratory quotient |
| RT | real-time; reverse transcriptase; room temperature |
| RTD | residence time distribution; research and technology development; |
| resistance temperature detector | |
| RTO | research and technology organisation |
| RT-PCR | reverse transcription PCR |
| RT-qPCR | reverse transcription quantitative PCR |
| RVFV | Rift Valley fever virus |
| Rx | prescription, pharma(ceutical) |
| S | Siemens, SI unit for electric conductivity |
| S/N | signal-to-noise ratio |
| SA | streptavidin; Staphylococcus aureus; sodium alginate |
| SAGE | serial analysis of gene expression |
| SAK | sexual assault kit |
| SALDI | surface assisted laser desorption ionization |
| SAM | self-assembled monolayer |
| SAR | structure–activity relationship; split–and–recombine (mixer) |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| SAW | surface acoustic wave (transducer) |
| SAXS | small angle X-ray scattering |
| SB | synthetic biology |
| SBH | sequencing by hybridization |
| SC | stem cell |
| SCE | saturated / standard calomel electrode |
| SCFM | standard cubic feet per minute |
| scFv | single-chain variable fragment (antibodies) |
| SCP | small character printing |
| SCT | sickle cell trait |
| SBS | sequencing by synthesis |
| SBSL | single-bubble sonoluminescence |
| SCDC | single cell derived culture |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SDA | strand displacement amplification |
| SDS | sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SDS-PAGE | SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| SEC | size exclusion chromatography |
| SELEX | systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment |
| SEM | scanning electron microscope |
| SERF | spin-exchange relaxation-free (NMR) |
| SERS | surface-enhanced Raman scattering / spectroscopy |
| SFA | surface force apparatus |
| SFB | silicon fusion bonding |
| SFM | scanning force microscopy |
| SH-SAW | shear horizontal SAW (transducer) |
| SHE | standard hydrogen electrode |
| SHG | second-harmonic generation (laser) |
| SHOM | sequencing by hybridization with an oligonucleotide matrix |
| SI | système internationale d’unités, |
| standard international (cef. MKSA and cgs) | |
| SIMS | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| Si | silicon (chemical symbol) |
| Si:H | hydrogenated Si |
| Si3N4 | silicon nitride |
| SiNW | silicon nanowire |
| SiO 2 | silicon dioxide, silica |
| SILAC | stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture |
| SiP | system in package |
| SIRS | systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
| SL | sonoluminescence |
| SLES | sodium lauryl ether sulfate, also sodium laureth sulfate |
| SLM | supported liquid membrane; selective laser melting |
| SLS | sodium laureth sulfate; static light scattering |
| SMA | shape memory alloy |
| SMB | small and medium business (= SME) |
| SMC | smooth muscle cell |
| SME | small and medium enterprise (= SMB) |
| SMS | single molecule sequencing |
| SNOM | scanning near-field optical microscopy |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
| SoD | stream-on-demand technology |
| SOI | silicon-on-insulator (wafer) |
| SOM | scanning optical microscopy |
| SPP | surface plasmon polariton |
| SPR | surface plasmon resonance (spectroscopy) |
| SPRI | solid phase reversible immobilisation |
| SPRi | SPR imaging |
| SOG | spin-on glass |
| SOP | standard operating procedure |
| SPAD | single-photon avalanche diode |
| SPE | solid phase extraction |
| SPM | solid polymer membrane (cef. PEM) |
| SPR-BIA | SPR-based biomolecular interaction analysis |
| SRI | standard reference instrument |
| SRM | super-resolution microscopy |
| SRS | system requirements specifications |
| SS | stainless steel |
| SSAW | standing SAW |
| SSC | saline sodium citrate; side scattering |
| SSLP | simple sequence length polymorphism |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| STI | sexually transmitted infection |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering & mathematics |
| STKE | signal transduction knowledge environment |
| STORM | stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy |
| STP | standard temperature and pressure |
| STR | short tandem repeat |
| STS | sequence tagged site; Staurosporine (drug) |
| SVM | support vector machine (algorithm) |
| SWCNT | single-walled CNT |
| T | Tesla (SI unit); ribosylthymine (ribonucleoside residues) |
| TAA | tumour associated antigen |
| Taq-polymerase | DNA polymerase of thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus |
| TAM | total accessible market |
| Taq | Thermus aquaticus (polymerase) |
| TAS | total analysis system |
| TasP | treatment as prevention |
| TAT | turnaround time |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TBE | Tris-Borate-EDTA (buffer) |
| TC | tumour cell |
| TCF | thermocapillary flow |
| TCP | thermocapillary pumping |
| TCR | T-cell antigen receptor |
| TCSPC | time-correlated single-photon counting |
| TD | decomposition temperature (polymers) |
| TDM | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| TEER | transepithelial electrical resistance |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy; track etched membrane |
| TEOS | tetra ethyl orthosilicate |
| TESE | testicular sperm extraction |
| TFB | thermoplastic fusion bonding |
| TFT | thin-film transistor |
| TGF | transformation growth factor |
| THF | tetrahydrofuran (organic solvent) |
| TI | tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes |
| TIR | total internal reflection |
| TIRE | total internal reflection ellipsometry |
| TIRF | total internal reflection fluorescence |
| TLC | thermochromic liquid crystal; thin-layer chromatography |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| TMA | tissue microarray |
| TMACl | tetramethyl-ammonium chloride |
| TMAH | tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide |
| TMB | tetramethylbenzidine |
| TMCS | trimethylchlorosilane |
| TMOS | tetramethoxysilane |
| TMV | tobacco mosaic virus |
| TnC | troponin C |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TnI | troponin I |
| TNT | trinitrotoluene (explosive) |
| TnT | troponin T |
| TOF | time-of-flight |
| TOF-ERDA | TOF ERDA |
| TPA | tissue plasminogenic antigen |
| TPC | three-phase contact (line) |
| TPE | thermoset polyester; thermoplastic elastomer |
| TPP | target product profile |
| TRH | thyroid releasing hormone |
| TRITC | tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate |
| TRL | technology readiness level |
| TRUS | transrectal ultrasound |
| TSAW | traveling SAW |
| TSE | transmissible spongiform encephalopathy |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
| TTL | transistor-transistor logic |
| TTV | total thickness variation |
| TW | traveling wave |
| UD | urine drainage (system) |
| UHPLC | ultra HPLC |
| UN | United Nations (organization) |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| UV | ultra-violet |
| UV-NIL | UV-NIL |
| V | Volt (SI unit for voltage) |
| VAD | vascular access device |
| VC | venture capital |
| VCD | viable cell density |
| VCSEL | vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VHG | very high gravity (fermentation) |
| VISA | vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus |
| VL | viral load |
| VLSI | very large-scale integration |
| VOC | volatile organic compound |
| VSC | vascular stem cell |
| VSM | vibrating sample magnetometer |
| VSMC | vascular smooth muscle cell |
| VSV | vesicular stomatitis virus |
| W | Watt (SI unit for power) |
| WAXS | wide angle X-ray scattering |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| WE | working electrode (electrochemistry) |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WT | wild type |
| XPS | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| XAFS | X-ray absorption fine-structure (spectroscopy) |
| XRL | X-ray lithography |
| XRR | X-ray reflectivity |
| YAC | yeast artificial chromosome |
| YLD | years of healthy life lost as a result of disability |
| ZE | zone electrophoresis |
| amu | atomic mass unit |
| antigen | antibody (Ab) generator |
| a-Si | amorphous Si |
| aRNA | amplified RNA |
| atm | atmosphere (pressure unit) |
| au | arbitrary units |
| bp | base pair (of nucleic acid) |
| cas | CRISPR-associated system |
| cBSA | cationized BSA |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| cc | cubic centimeter, cm3 |
| cf | cell free |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| cfDNA | cell free DNA |
| ctDNA | circulating tumor DNA |
| cgs | centimeter–gram–second (system of units, cef. SI and MKSA) |
| cIEF | capillary IEF |
| cIJ | continuous inkjet |
| cm | centimeter, 10-2m |
| cMSC | chaperone mesenchymal stem cell |
| cTnI | cardiac TnI |
| ctDNA | circulating tumour DNA |
| cyborg | cybernetic organism |
| dB | decibel |
| ddA | dideoxy adenine |
| ddC | dideoxy cytosine |
| ddG | dideoxy guanine |
| dPCR | digital PCR |
| ddT | dideoxy thymine |
| dsDNA | double-stranded DNA |
| eDNA | environmental DNA |
| fl | femtoliter, 10-15l |
| gDNA | genomic DNA |
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin (pregnancy marker) |
| hIgG | human IgG |
| hPa | hecto-Pascal (pressure unit) |
| iPS | induced pluripotent stem cell |
| iRBC | infected RBC |
| kb | kilo-base pair(s) |
| kbp | kilo-base pair(s) |
| kCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| kg | kilogram (SI unit for weight) |
| km | kilometer |
| kPa | kilo-Pascal (pressure unit) |
| l | liter (SI unit for volume) |
| laser | light amplification by stimulated emission |
| m | meter (SI unit for length) |
| mAb | monoclonal antibody |
| miRNA | micro RNA |
| ml | milliliter, 10-3l |
| mm | millimeter, 10-3m |
| mHealth | mobile health |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| mtDNA | mitochondria DNA |
| nDEP | negative DEP |
| nfluidics | nanofluidics |
| nl | nanoliter, 10-9l |
| nm | nanometer, 10-9m |
| nt | nucleotide |
| pl | picoliter, 10-12l |
| poly-Si | polycrystalline Si |
| ppb | parts per billion |
| ppm | parts per million |
| p-RNA | pyrasonil RNA |
| psi | pounds per square inch (pressure unit) |
| qPCR | quantitative PCR, also real-time PCR |
| rG | radius of gyration |
| rNTP | ribonucleic nucleotide triphosphates |
| rpm | RPM |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
| s | second (SI unit for time) |
| sccm | standard cubic centimeters per minute (flow measurement) |
| siRNA | short interfering RNA |
| sPROMs | structurally programmable microfluidic system |
| ssDNA | single-stranded DNA |
| surfactant | SURFace ACTing AgeNT |
| t-PSA | total PSA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| tmRNA | transfer-messenger RNA |
| uHTS | ultrahigh-throughput screening |
| vis | visible |
| vWF | von Willebrand factor |
| wt | wild-type |
| μCP | microcontact printing |
| μFFE | microstructure free-flow electrophoresis |
| μfluidics | microfluidics |
| μIM | micro injection molding |
| μl | microliter, 10-6l |
| μm | micrometer, 10-6m |
| μPIV | micro PIV |
| μTAS | micro TAS |
| μWP | micro-wet printing |